This allows for almost any ranged firearm to be customized to fit the player's character build. Grip mods create pistol weapons, while stock mods create rifle weapons. The Science! The Blacksmith perk is used to create better modifications for melee weapons. The Gun Nut perk is required to create better modifications for guns.
There are over mods generally including sights, barrels, stocks, receivers, magazines and more. Weapon mods can be built from raw materials and attached to weapons at weapons workbenches.